The Discovery and Colonisation of America

The Discovery and Colonisation of America In 1492, America was discovered by Christopher Columbus. It had, however, already accidentally been discovered by Scandinavian Vikings about 500 years earlier. The Vikings were not alone when they discovered America. It was an unknown fact that Native Americans had come to America and inhabited it much earlier. Because this wasnt acknowledged, the Native Americans were never seen as the original discoverers. In 986, Bjarni Herjolffson set out from Norway in an attempt to reach Iceland and eventually Greenland. Greenland was the land Bjarnis father, also an adventurist, had failed to completely colonize on his fleet, led by Erik the Red. Bjarni got lost on the way to Greenland because of fog and storms. Eventually, he did find the land he was searching for. Bjarni did not discover America, but he was the first to make it out while he was at sea. Back in Norway, one of Erik the Reds sons, Leiff, became interested in the story Bjarni told. He decided he wanted to continue the adventure and find out which land Bjarni had seen on the horizon. In search of the best landscape to land on, Leif Eriksson and his crew sailed along the eastern coast of America. After passing the Baffin Island and what is now Labrador, they picked the best environment. They named it The Wineland. Leiff Erikssons crew inhabited the area, where they found grapevines and other products to bring home. They built houses, stayed for the winter and returned home with wine and food. The Discovery of America: The Spanish and Portuguese The first explorations and conquests were made by the Spanish and the Portuguese. In 1492, a Spanish expedition lead by Christopher Columbus sailed to the continent America and introduced the New World to the Western World of that time. He began studying the civilizations that he had encountered : the friendly Native Americans. After this, European conquest, exploration, and Colonisation quickly followed and expanded. After the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas, approved of by the Pope, Spain and Portugal divided the entire non-European world between themselves, with a line drawn through South America. This first occurred along the Caribbean coasts on the islands of Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba, and beginning in the early 16th century, extended into both North and South America. In 1498, Columbuss third trip reached the South American coast. With help from their powerful Indian allies, the Spanish rapidly conquered territory. As a result, they gained control of much of western South America, Central America and Mexico by the mid-16th century. Over this same period, Portugal colonized much of eastern South America, which is now Brazil. The Colonisation of America During the early and mid-sixteenth century, the English tended to view North America as a base for piracy and harassment of the Spanish(In the late 1560s a rebellious act broke out in the Netherlands, and the rebels were Protestant. British Queen Elizabeth aided these rebels. Spain, being Catholic, saw these rebels as a threat. Because of the fact that the British helped the Dutch Protestants, Spain became resentful towards England). By the end of the century, the English began to think more about North America as a place to colonize: as a market for English goods and a source of raw materials. The English claimed that New World Colonisation offered England many advantages. Not only would it enrage Catholic Spain, it would supply England with raw materials and provide a market for finished products. America would also provide a place to send the English poor. America also satisfied more personal needs : rigorously religious English felt that they were not accepted in England, and Ame rica would create a more liberal environment. Spain and England were hostile towards eachother over trade and colonisation. On August 8th, 1588, the English defeated Spain in the Spanish Armada. England was now able to colonize North America. English Joint Stock companies founded Jamestown in 1607. They failed because they were looking for gold, didnt farm, and drank contaminated water. They came during spring, which was deceiving. They didnt plan for winter. Many died the first winter. John Smith, who had been to America in the winter before, saved them. He said, Work or Starve. So, they started farming, and everybody was fed. The English Joint Stock company sent over 50 women to help repopulate Jamestown. The Pilgrims werent called Pilgrims until 150 years later. These strictly religious immigrants called themselves Saints. The Saints left England because they were not accepted for their religion. They went to the Netherlands, but they didnt want their children growing up being non-Englishmen. For this reason, they came to the New World. Early other European Colonisations in North America included the French colonies of Acadia and Canada, the Swedish colony of New Sweden, and the Dutch New Netherland. Also Sweden participated in occupying North America. As the colonies started to grow, Britain decided on the policy of salutary neglect : the British American colonies were to be obedient towards Great Britain. Conflicts between Britain and America The Seven Years War resulted in the decisive turning point in British-colonial relations. The Treaty of Paris in 1763 criticized Britains control of the seas and trade, as well as its sovereignty over much of the North American continent. To fund this war, Britain, unable to borrow any more money from other countries, raised its taxes. This had a very heavy effect on the citizens. Also, bureaucracy arose in England in order for the government to get all the money they could. Britain found it North Americas responsibility to aid them in their war expenses. However, New world institutions of self-government and trade, used to the policy of salutary neglect, refused and rebelled against this demand. The war developed and Britain became more dependant on North America : Military supplies and an increased demand for goods contributed to the wealth of the North American Colonies. The 7 years war had put Britain into great debt, so the Parliament insisted on a raise of taxes once again. The British government believed the colonies should pay their fair share to the nations expenses. Because the colonies were not represented in the Parliament, the North Americans found the raised taxes intolerable. The orthodox British view, dating from the Glorious Revolution of 1688, was that Parliament was the highest authority in the empire, and so anything Parliament did was constitutional. In the colonies, however, the idea had developed that the British Constitution recognized certain fundamental rights that not even Parliament could violate. The American Independence The concept of American Independence began when many more colonists began to reject the authority of the Parliament, since they werent represented, but were expected to pay taxes. They believed this violated their rights as Englishmen. The colonies petitioned King George III for intervention with the Parliament. To force him to do so, they boycotted British goods but kept their loyalty to the British crown. These acts were ignored. The colonists proceeded to create an army. Following acts to achieve the same goal were seen as rebellion and treachery. In 1776 the Colonies responded by declaring their independence Frances government secretly provided supplies to the revolutionaries. France eventually entered the war in 1778 along with the Spanish and Dutch. They treatened to invade Great Britain and put the English army, which wasnt so strong, to the test. Due to Great Britains naval power, it was able to occupy coastal cities in America. The more rural areas, where most of the population lived however, were less easy to control. The French involvement proved to be beneficial when the French naval victory at Yorktown in 1781 to the surrender of a British army occurred. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris ended the war and recognized the sovereignty of the United States. http://news. softpedia. com/news/How-Did-Vikings-Discover-America-49891. shtml http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/European_Colonisation_of_the_Americas http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/database/article_display. cfm?HHID=670 http://mr_sedivy. tripod. com/america. html http://www. taxanalysts. com/museum/1756-1776. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Salutary_neglect http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War

Internet shopping Essay

For those who prefer their shopping to come to them, Sainsbury’s to You delivers groceries ordered via the Internet. Audio publications for blind people For people who cant see they can get Braille embossed audio-cassette where all their gifting and food/drink brochures are available. They can order the items via phone or tell a family member to get it for them. Disability parking spaces All car parks have designated disabled parking spaces. These are situated near the main store entrance for any customers with a mobility/access requirement. Guide/assistance dogs Guide/assistance dogs are welcome in all Sainsbury stores. Help with shopping Members of staff are available to assist customers with their shopping, including packing items at the checkout if required. Also they can carry shopping bags to the car if requested. Induction loop system for hearing impaired Most of the stores have hearing induction loops installed to help hearing-aid users interact with staffs at specific locations around the store, including selected checkouts and the customer service desk. The following symbol is displayed where induction loops have been installed. Service call in petrol stations 95% of their petrol stations have a service call facility available, enabling disabled drivers to request assistance without leaving their vehicle. Wheelchairs and specially adapted trolleys These items are available in every store (excluding Locals and selected Centrals where space is limited). Electric scooters are also available in larger selected stores. Service for parents and infants Customers shopping with a child under five years old, at a store with a Sainsbury’s controlled car park, can get a Parent and Infant windscreen badge from the Customer Service desk and keep it on their cars. Several types of trolleys are also available for various family combinations of babies and toddlers, even for triplets. Parents shopping with children can use the priority wide-aisle checkouts to avoid waiting. Sitting place for elderly people There will be chairs near the checkout for them to rest on, as they normally get tired in big stores. Time saving for kitchen work Time pressures exist at home as well as at work, so Sainsbury will offer products like ready-meals and prepared meats and vegetables that require no preparation. Mothers with baby-need trolley with baby seat There are few trolleys for babies to sit, but if the parents think the seats are not safe enough then they could give ideas of improving to the customer service, and from there Sainsbury will find ways to improve it if its possible. Blind people There should be someone with that person to help then to get the shopping done by looking at the shopping list. Students-having the products set out in the right place as students don’t have time to look for things Maybe checking the selves 3 times a day (morning, afternoon and evening) to see if the products are in the right place. Organic, vegetarian, vegan food They are put in different section so it is not difficult to find. Socio-economic group – A,B,C1,C2,D, E The price should be different, as everyone cannot afford even some luxury products. As well meeting the needs of the customers, Sainsbury already has other good facilities, which helps it to be a good customer service. They are: Health Sainsbury understands that healthy eating is about balance, so they focus on providing clear and easy-to-read nutritional information on their products to help customers seeking this balance. In some stores they carry out health checks and allergy tests. They have successfully reduced the level of salt in their products, and minimised the unnecessary use of pesticides to grow Different tastes It offers a very wide range of products (over 20,000 different products in many of our supermarkets) to meet just about every taste. For example, it caters for local tastes in Scotland by opening Simon Howie branded meat counters, Kelly’s of Cornwall ice cream in the South West, Bartons pickles in the North West, Genesis bread in Northern Ireland and a wide range of kosher foods in Finchley Road. Top-shelf publications Although there are no legal or trade guidelines on what may or may not be sold in newsagent outlets in general, their policy is not to display or sell any newspaper or magazine, which they think it would offend or embarrass the average customer. Sainsbury are also a member of Baywatch campaigning. Baywatch is a national campaign set up in response to widespread concern about the abuse of parking spaces designated for use by people with a disability. Along with other national retailers Sainsbury’s are supporting the campaign throughout their stores. Sainsbury’s recognises that each of its customers is an individual with individual needs, so all members of staff receive disability training as part of their induction programme to ensure that all staffs have an understanding of the needs of thier disabled customers. They were voted the best corporate chain store for their commitment to providing better service for deafblind customers at the Deafblind Friendly Corporate Awards 2001. It supports the Wellbeing ‘Eating for Pregnancy’ Helpline, which is run by state-registered dieticians. This shows they care about pregnancy customers as well. As they are supporters of the National Childbirth Trust’s ‘Breast is Best’ campaign, they provide baby changing rooms and some free nappies. Free membership is available for the Little Ones Club, but they are only entitles to the customers when they are shopping. A free magazine is also available for parents with the latest news on childcare and new products. Some of the larger stores also sell range of Adams children’s clothing and Early Learning Centre toys. What is customer protection? Customer protection is made up of several laws, which is placed by the government in favour of the consumers. This is placed to insure that the businesses know precisely what their responsibilities are towards their consumers. E. g. when selling a product to a customer, the business has to make sure that the customer is happy and satisfied with it. These are consumer protection legislation laws. * Sale of Goods Act (SGA) 1979 – this Act is consolidated the 1893 Act and its amendments. The right of the seller to sell = in every contract, there are some implied conditions. One such implied condition is that the seller has legal right to sell. When you go shopping you do not ask the shopkeeper if the goods that he or she is offering to sale are legally his or hers – you have to assume that it is so, but if later on you discover that the seller did not have the right to sell, then by the SGA 1979 Act you have the rights to recover the money you have spent. Another implied condition in a contract of sale is that the goods must correspond with the description that is given. E. g. a pair of gloves described as made of leather must be made of leather, not plastic. Â  Sale and Supply of Goods Act (SSGA) 1994 – This Act is important for its substitution of the term ‘satisfactory quality’ for the previously used phrases ‘merchantable quality’ and ‘fit for the purpose’. The guideline quoted above were set out in the SSGA 1994, but are implemented through the SGA. Supply of Goods and Services Act (SGSA) 1982 – The SGA 1979 dealt only with the legal responsibilities of sellers of goods. The Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 added the responsibilities of providers of services. A contract for the supply of a service is defined as ‘a contract under which the supplier agrees to carry out a service’. This makes the supplier of a service carry out ‘responsible care and skills’. All service providers are included in this, whether they are professional or unprofessional.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Ocd) Is Known As The Incessant

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is known as the incessant of distressing thoughts or images which is known to be the (obsessions) or overt or convert the behaviors (or the mental rituals) that are aimed to help reduce anxiety (compulsions). This disorder has an effect on 1-2% of children and adults, that ranges up to 80% for adults that report of having symptoms onset prior to the young age of 18 years. It’s is known that without the appropriate type of intervention, the symptoms of OCD have an intensity to run a chronic course through childhood into adulthood. For Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder can contribute to considerable impairments that come across multiple domains of functioning, resulting in having to go through effective and†¦show more content†¦For example, this can include one of the following categories of obsession: (contamination, fear of harm, illness or death) (Gale B. Adams) the compulsive part of this disorder focuses on another part of the human mind. This disorder forces the individual to do certain task that falsely assures the individual that they are going to be okay. These tasks can vary depending on the obsessive disorder the individual develops. For example, the type of compulsive they get can be determine by identifying their type of phobia like for excessive cleaning or washing can be cause by the people who have an overall fear of contracting germs or the checking and repeating can be cause by the agoraphobia the fear of sexual abuse. The clinician that progress with the idea of a treatment for adults and the pediatrics who have OCD through the psychodynamic perspective, on reviewing the obsession and compulsion in a set neurological arising caused a detrimental conflict. However, the treatment is only based on supporting one aspect in mind, to reduce the obsessive-compulsive symptoms. However, the nature of the OCD is a difficult task to handle and that the mental health provider has to move on towards a more concrete intervention of treatment for individuals with OCD. For example, the clinician may provide to the individual with a prescription drug known as Zoloft which is both a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and aShow MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay examples1375 Words   |  6 PagesObsessive Compulsive Disorder â€Å"I know my hands are clean. I know that I have touched nothing dangerous. But†¦ I doubt my perception. Soon, if I do not wash, a mind numbing, searing anxiety will cripple me. A feeling of stickiness will begin to spread from the point of contamination and I will be lost in a place I do not want to go. So I wash until the feeling is gone, until the anxiety subsides. Then I feel defeated. So I do less and less, my world becomes smaller and smaller and more lonelyRead MoreEssay on Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder3209 Words   |  13 PagesAnorexia Nervosa and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder often found in young adolescent women, that has been characterized by a distorted attitude towards weight and body image, a set of behaviors calculated to produce weight loss and other physiological and psychological symptoms. Physiological symptoms include (according to the DSM III- R criteria) starvation, amenorrhoea, and a refusal to maintain weight above 85% of their ideal weight. PsychologicalRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Ocd2051 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction OCD is a psychological disorder that affects a wide variety of people; OCD affects approximately two to three percent of the general population. (Ambramowitz, Taylor, and McKay 2009). Ambramowitz and others also state that with this percent, OCD affects about twice as many people as schizophrenia. With this many people affected, the question of what the most effective way of treating the condition needs to be asked. The answer to the question of what the most effective way of treatingRead MoreTreatment Options For Excoriation Disorder1232 Words   |  5 PagesTreatment Options for Excoriation Disorder Sarah Rebecca Carter Auburn University School of Nursing â€Æ' Treatment Options for Excoriation Disorder Excoriation disorder, also known as skin picking disorder, is characterized by the frequent scratching or picking of the skin. Picking most commonly occurs in areas of the body that the patient can reach, such as the arms, inner thighs, face, fingers, and upper back (Turner, Sutton, Sharma, 2014). The incessant skin picking can cause physical and/orRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1743 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes not get attention or not as much attention is going to be hurt. Lack of attention is hurtful, no matter which way you slice it. Camping on social media takes on a voyeuristic approach in that it provokes negative consequences such as eating disorders, depression and even interrupted sleep cycles. Two-hundred and eight social media users have stated that social applications such as Facebook and Twitter worsens their lives. Six percent of adolescent social media users in the European Union from

Forensic Science, Crime, And Terrorism - 885 Words

Criminalistics: Forensic Science, Crime, and Terrorism is a wide-ranging book written by James E. Girard (2011). This book depicts much information about Forensic Science. However, the chapters of this book are designed to specify accurate information in favor of Forensic Science and it’s different aspects. The chapter 6, I have chosen can be supportive to my research question. ‘How does classification system of fingerprint identification work?’ James E. Girard, the chief author of the book, has a lot experience in Chemistry and Forensic Science. He is chairperson of chemistry department at American University, Washington, DC. In addition, he has done PhD in the field of Chemistry, and he has been working in this field for past 20 years.†¦show more content†¦I have focused on only 3rd section, which is entirely appropriate for my research question. For my textual analysis, however, I will analyze Chapter 6: Fingerprints. In the following chapter, you should gain understanding of various topics relevant to Fingerprint but I will be focusing on these parts, which are: 1. Introduction of Fingerprints: 2. Key components of the chapter: A. Henry classification system of fingerprint B. Automated fingerprint identification system (AFIS) Girard (2011, p.134) states that fingerprint would be really valuable evidence for investigators because it can be helpful to approach the crime scene, which perpetrator did. Human being have some similarity in body parts but everyone across the world have their individual fingerprint that will not change over a lifetime period. And one unique thing is that ‘ the probabilities of two fingerprints being the same are 1 in 64 billion’. Girard (2011, p. 139) describes that delta is very essential thing for classification of fingerprints and it is a particular place where two lines differ and make a triangle. Generally, Arch, Loop and whorl are three major types of fingerprint arrangements, which are based on existence of delta. Arches do not contain any

Poverty And Poverty - 1081 Words

Poverty within humanity has been a pressing social issue for centuries. Historically, wars have been waged and governmental regimes toppled because of the clash between wealthy aristocracy and the poor working class. One of the most notable of this type of dispute is the French Revolution. The French Revolution sparked country across Europe and the world, giving rise to the formation of new political opinion of the poor. Famous authors and politicians during the time, like Thomas Paine and Edmund Burke, sparked an emergence of differing opinions from those commonly held prior to the revolution on the topics of human nature’s impact on poverty and original sin. In today’s day and age, this difference of opinion is still prevalent within†¦show more content†¦The image Burke and More created of the poor was highly negative with no room for improvement in their condition, and condemned the impoverished to their social situation. Meanwhile, other political activists during this time disputed More and Burke’s claims on poverty. Thomas Paine and Mary Wollstonecraft supported the revolution and envisioned human nature in a more positive light. Instead of original sin and condemnation, they saw a perfectibility within humanity. The original sin doctrine was just a way to obtain power and scare people into submission. Like Wollstonecraft states, â€Å". . . the wild traditions on original sin . . . on which priests have erected their tremendous structures of imposition, to persuade us, that we are naturally inclined to evil† (81). By enforcing and stressing original sin upon the masses, people have been tricked to believe that human nature is inherently bad. Therefore, poverty is not caused by sin, but instead a poor governmental system. The risk that these political activists took can most clearly be seen through the happenings following the publication of Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man. Acro ss Britain effigies were burned in his honor because people believed that his ideas were inciting rebellion (69). Paine created radical plans on how to help the impoverished through progressive taxation and work towards the prevention of poverty through giving every personShow MoreRelatedPoverty Of Poverty And Poverty1134 Words   |  5 Pageseach day as a result of poverty (â€Å"Child Mortality Rate Drops†). On their website, The World Bank calculated that the amount of people living in extreme poverty was likely to fall below ten percent in 2015. Even though the poverty rate has decreased, there are still many people living in extreme poverty. One billion children in the world live in poverty and organizations like Compassion International are helping give them a new life (â€Å"Poverty Facts and Stats†). What is poverty? There are two specificRead MoreThe Poverty Of Poverty And Poverty1394 Words   |  6 Pagesare so many Americans living in poverty today, and the number of those living in poverty will probably only go up from here. What s even more disheartening is that a lot of the poverty stricken families include young children. America is considered one of the richest nations in the world, and that we are so much better off than other countries. While it may be true, I beg to ask the question of why are so many of our fellow brothers and sisters living in poverty? For those of us who are fortunateRead MorePoverty And Poverty : Poverty1662 Words   |  7 Pages Poverty for centuries has been a very severe issue that has troubled many nations while impeding economic developments and progress. Poverty stricken countries are majorly concentrated in the continents of Africa and Asia. Continents like the Americas and Europe have globally been recognized as been weal thier yet still many parts of these ostensible countries face massive cases of poverty. Most at times, countries with high populations owing to high birth rates face the most casesRead MorePoverty : Poverty And Poverty3135 Words   |  13 PagesPoverty Research Paper Noah Morrow Mrs.Zimmerly English 10 April/4/2015 The rich cause poverty because of the inequality and unfairness they bring. The country is put to blame for the governments and nations decisions. The people themselves can also be put at fault for poverty because of population but, some can not help it. This affects the poverty threshold, the people, and the number of people in poverty. Poverty can be solved with the help of organizations, the government or the president,Read MorePoverty And Poverty : Poverty1950 Words   |  8 PagesAlthough many see poverty as a choice, made by those who are lazy and prefer to do nothing but expect to reap the same benefits of people who work hard every day to provide for their families. In some cases this may be true but, poverty will wreak havoc on any and all of those who have the misfortune of crossing paths with it. Poverty is alive and well throughout the world, and it has an unyielding pulse here in the United States. It has been discovered that The poorest families in America areRead MorePoverty Of Poverty And Poverty861 Words   |  4 PagesI. Background, Statistics, Introduction Poverty traps are economic anomalies that continually reinforce poverty within a country’s, or multiple countries’, economies. There are many different types of poverty traps such as savings traps, â€Å"big push† models, nutritional traps, behavioral traps, geographic traps, etc. that all affect an economy in different ways. Not only can poverty be enforced through these traps, but also through the way an economy is run or the moralities of the government. AccordingRead MorePoverty Between Poverty And Poverty Essay2121 Words   |  9 PagesPoverty in America is severe. One third of our population lives under the poverty line. The poverty line being a family of three or more surviving on $36,000 or less. This transfers to 20.5 million people. Seven million of these people being women with children. 6.7% of our population has an income less than 9,000 for a family of three. These numbers are astounding and they are only on the rise. This means that more families are going without food. This means more children are starving and gettingRead MorePoverty, Situational Poverty And Chronic Poverty1515 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty varies in different social contexts through different cultures, generations, and history. People are born and raised in different parts of the world and by different people, meaning we all come from various cultures and most likely we all have different perspectives and we define poverty differently. By talking to people from the local community we came across that there are two major types of poverty, situational poverty and chronic poverty. Situational poverty is when one becomes poor becauseRead MoreThe Poverty Cycle Of Poverty1096 Words   |  5 Pagesof poverty? The Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) collects information on the social and economic status of families and their offspring every year. The National Center for Children in Poverty used a PSID study that found â€Å"that individuals who grow up in poor families are much more likely to be poor in early adulthood. Moreover, the chances of being poor in early adulthood increase sharply as the time spent living in poverty during childhood increases† (Wagmiller and Adelman). The poverty cycleRead MorePoverty Is A Problem Of Poverty1257 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty does not have one clear definition. It is a complicated, multi-faceted concept. It is a common social issue that has troubled nations for thousands of years. Poverty is the condition of having an insufficient amount of resources or income. Poverty has haunted the social life of Brazil for a number of years. With a booming economy, Brazil has managed to skip over poverty, for now. However, how long can they hold this issue off? The problem does not lie in their efforts but the way they have

The Purpose of Architecture Free Essays

The purpose of architecture is to create useful spaces that people want to be in. It’s not enough to make the space useful if people hate being in it. And it’s not enough to make people want to be in it if they can’t use it for its intended purpose. We will write a custom essay sample on The Purpose of Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now But being attractive without being useful is probably better than being useful without being attractive. If people like a space, they’ll find a way to make it work. If people don’t like a space, they’ll stay away, even if it   seems to meet all their practical needs. Architecture creates more than one kind of space. Interior spaces are the ones we usually think about. But architecture creates exterior spaces as well. A new building on a street makes it a different kind of street. Is it a street where people want to be, or is it a street they hurry through? The architect is as much responsible for the street his building sits on as he is for the space inside the building. If a new construction creates a long, blank wall that people instinctively avoid, the architect has effectively destroyed the street. Businesses on the other side of it will wither, and the street will exist only as a passage from one more desirable place to another. Style is less important than scale in creating spaces people like. Architecture on a human scale is inherently more friendly than architecture on a titanic scale. Monumental architecture needs smaller subdivisions to make itself relatable: the arches in a Roman basilica, or the stilts in a Mies van der Rohe office building. Great slabs of concrete or stone put us off instead of welcoming us; remembering the human scale is the thing that makes architecture work. These are all obvious ideas, but the enthusiasm of an all-encompassing theory of architecture can make an architect forget them. An architect needs to look at his plans and ask, â€Å"Will people want to be here? † Perhaps he should point to different spots on the blueprint at random: Will people want to be  here,  or  here,  or  here? If he can always answer yes to that question, he’s done his job well. How to cite The Purpose of Architecture, Essay examples

Eliot free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Positions Of Sexuality As Revealed In The Behavior Of Pru Essay, Research Paper Eliot # 8217 ; s Positions of Sexuality as revealed in the behaviour of Prufrock and Sweeney. # 8220 ; The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock # 8221 ; tells the narrative of a individual character, a cautious, middle-aged adult male. Prufrock is speaking or believing to himself. The epigraph, a dramatic address taken from Dante # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Inferno, # 8221 ; provides a key to Prufrock # 8217 ; s nature. Like Dante # 8217 ; s character Prufrock is in # 8220 ; snake pit, # 8221 ; in this instance a snake pit of his ain feelings. He is both the # 8220 ; you and I # 8221 ; of line one, pacing the metropolis # 8217 ; s begrimed streets on his alone walk. He observes the dazed eventide settling down on him. Turning more and more hesitating he postpones the minute of his determination by stating himself # 8220 ; And so there will be time. # 8221 ; Prufrock is cognizant of his humdrum modus operandis and is frustrated, # 8220 ; I have measured out my life with java spoons # 8221 ; : . We will write a custom essay sample on Eliot or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He contemplates the adrift form of his divided and lone ego. He is a lover, yet he is unable to declare his love. Should a middle-aged adult male even think of doing a proposal of love? # 8220 ; Do I dare/Disturb the existence? # 8221 ; he asks. Prufrock knows the adult females in the barrooms # 8220 ; known them all # 8221 ; and he presumes how they classify him and he feels he deserves the categorization, because he has put on a face other than his ain. # 8220 ; To fix a face to run into the faces that you meet. # 8221 ; He has ever done what he was socially supposed to make, alternatively of giving to his ain natural feelings. He wrestles with his desires to alter his universe and with his fright of their rejection. He imagines how foolish he would experience if he were to do his proposal merely to detect that the adult female had neer thought of him as a possible lover ; he imagines her alert, barbarous response ; # 8220 ; That is non what I meant, at all. # 8221 ; He imagines that she will desire his caput on a platter and they did with the prophesier John the Baptist. He besides fears the ridicule and snorts of other work forces when she rejects him. Prufrock imagines # 8220 ; And would it hold been deserving it, after all, # 8221 ; and if she did non reject him it would convey him back to life and he could state # 8220 ; I am Lazarus, come from the dead. # 8221 ; Prufrock decides that he lacks the will to do his declaration. # 8220 ; I am non Prince Hamlet, # 8221 ; he says ; he will non, like Shakespeare # 8217 ; s character, effort to agitate off his uncertainties and # 8220 ; coerce the minute to crisis. # 8221 ; He feels more like an aging Fool. He is able merely to dream of love affair. He is down # 8220 ; I grow old # 8221 ; and will hold to # 8220 ; wear the undersides of my pants rolled # 8221 ; into turnups. He will # 8220 ; walk upon the beach, # 8221 ; though he likely will non venture into the H2O. He has had a romantic vision of mermaids singing an enchanting vocal, but assumes that they will non sing to him. Prufrock is paralyzed, unable to move upon his urges and desires. He will go on to populate in # 8220 ; the Chamberss of the sea, # 8221 ; his universe of romantic reveries, until he is awakened by the # 8220 ; human voices # 8221 ; of existent life in which he # 8220 ; drowns. # 8221 ; The # 8220 ; love vocal # 8221 ; of Mr. Prufrock displays several degrees of sarcasm, the most of import of which grows out of the vain, weak adult male # 8217 ; s penetrations into his unfertile life and his deficiency of will to alter that life. The verse form brings out images of enerv ation and palsy, such as the eventide described as â€Å"etherized, † immobile. No 1 will of all time hear his love vocal, except himself. # 8220 ; Sweeney Among the Nightingales # 8221 ; tells a narrative of a adult male motivated by lecherousness and hungriness. Eliot gives us an penetration into Sweeney # 8217 ; s true nature by giving him the first name of # 8220 ; Apeneck. # 8221 ; Sweeney is more like a crude adult male who has no ethical motives for when he dies he # 8220 ; guards the horned gate, # 8221 ; the Gatess of snake pit. Eliot is comparing the decease of a male monarch, Agamemnon, to the decease of a rotter, Sweeney. Agamemnon is the leader of the Greeks siege Troy. Upon returning place he was murdered by his married woman, Clytemnestra. Sweeney is murdered by Rachel nee Rabinovitch, who I believe was engaged to Sweeney, a matrimony that was arranged by her household. Rachel, # 8220 ; She and the lady in the cape/ Are suspect, thought to be in conference # 8221 ; ; , plotted or payed the lady in the Spanish ness to assist her. The lady in the ness meets Sweeney at a tavern and undertakes to acquire him imbibe in order to lead on him. His eyes # 8220 ; Are veiled, and hushed the shriveled seas, # 8221 ; and he begins to swear the lady in the ness. # 8220 ; The individual in the Spanish cape/Tries to sit on Sweeney # 8217 ; s articulatio genuss, # 8221 ; she so tries to score Sweeney and is successful. # 8220 ; The soundless adult male in mocha brown # 8221 ; watches the seduction and # 8220 ; gapes. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; The soundless craniate in brown # 8221 ; is in world Rachel in camouflage. Surely, Sweeney would non fall to the appeals of the lady in the ness if he knew Rachel was watching. Rachel realizes what her life would be like as Sweeney # 8217 ; s married woman and is appalled. She so toxicant # 8217 ; s the fruit that the server has brought in. The toxicant is get downing to work for Sweeney becomes sleepy. # 8220 ; Therefore the adult male with heavy eyes/ Declines the ploy, shows fatigue. # 8221 ; He decides non to chance or play any games. # 8220 ; Leaves the room and reappears/Outside the window, tilting in # 8221 ; Sweeney leans in the window and dies. # 8220 ; Circumscribe a aureate smile, # 8221 ; Sweeney dies with a smile of his face that reveal a oral cavity full of gold capped dentitions. Eliot becomes philosophical for the Luscinia megarhynchoss continue to sing for a rotter and male monarch, likewise. # 8220 ; The Luscinia megarhynchoss are singing near/The Convent of the Sacred Heart, # 8221 ; the keen music of the Luscinia megarhynchoss sounded when the mortal blow was struck in Ancient Greece ; and they sing while Sweeney is under the oculus of the adult male in mocha brown. # 8220 ; And allow their liquid winnows fall/ To stain the stiff dishonored shroud. # 8221 ; , The Luscinia megarhynchoss and nature are apathetic to a adult male # 8217 ; s station in life. We are born into this universe as peers and will go forth it the same manner and the Luscinia megarhynchoss give no award to anyone. # 8220 ; The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; Sweeney Among the Nightingales # 8221 ; were written by T. S. Eliot in the early twentieth century. The poems reveal that the writer feels that he is inferior to adult females. He does non merit the love of a maiden, but is merely suited for a cocotte. The lines where he refers to the prophesier John the Baptist and to Lazarus Tells me that he has a deep involvement in faith and Christianity. Religion does order strong positions of sex and matrimony, whereas a adult male must stamp down all feelings of lecherousness and desire, unless it is directed toward his ain married woman.